Measurement refers to the comparison of an unknown quantity with a known quantity. The result of the measurement is a numeric value with certain units. We can measure the length, mass, capacity (volume), and temperature of any given object. Let us learn more about it in this article.
1. What is Measurement? 2. Measurement Units 3. Measurement Conversion 4. Measurement of Length 5. Measurement of Mass 6. Time Measurement 7. FAQs on Measurement
Measurement is defined as the system or act of measuring. It can be understood as a process of defining physical items using numbers. For example, “this rod is bigger than that rod”. This statement is serving a very limited purpose of comparison where we do not know anything about the individual attributes of the given rods. But if we say that the length of the first rod is 20 inches, and the length of the second rod is 15 inches, therefore 1st rod is bigger than the second one by 5 inches. This statement is making more sense mathematically and offers us a reason for our deduction.
In mathematics, measurement is often considered as a separate branch as it includes a wide range of knowledge including conversion, units, measuring length, mass, time, etc. It is associated with other branches as well like geometry, trigonometry, algebra, etc. We use the concept of measurement with the shapes (area, volume, etc), measuring heights and distances using trigonometric ratios is also a type of measurement (trigonometry), and measurement can also be done using unknown quantities or variables to establish a general relationship (algebra). Now, before learning about measurement units, let us learn the abbreviations that are generally used to represent units of measurement.
Measurement Unit Abbreviated as
Centimeters
Meters
Kilometers
Millimeters
Miles
Yards
Feet/Foot
Inches
Cm
m
km
mm
mi
yd
ft
in
Milligrams
Grams
Kilograms
Centigrams
Pounds
Ounces
Tonnes
Ton
mg
g
kg
cg
lbs
oz
t (used in the Metric system)
t (used in the Imperial system)
liters
milliliters
kiloliters
fluid ounce
cup
pint
quart
Gallon
l
ml
kl
fl oz
c
pt
qt
gal
Kelvin
Fahrenheit
Celsius
K
°F
°C
You can go ahead and explore all important topics in measurement by selecting the topics from this list below:
Measuring Weight
Measuring Capacity
Reading a Calendar Metric Conversion Chart Length Conversion Unit Conversion Temperature Converter Reading and Representing Time
There are various units of measurement depending on its type. For example, the measurement units of length are meters, centimeters, inches, feet, etc. For mass, we have kilograms, grams, pounds, tons, etc. There is a way to classify various measurement units into two types: Metric System and the U.S Standard System (Imperial System of Measurement). In each of these systems, we use different units for each type of measurement. When millimeters, centimeters, meters, and kilometers are measurement units of length under the metric system, inches, feet, yards, and miles are the units under the US standard system. Look at the chart below showing the categorization of different measurement units in these two systems of measurement.
When we have to compare the values of the given quantities or perform arithmetic operations on them, we need to have a common unit of measurement. For example, we can add 12 meters to 10 meters to get 22 meters of length, but we cannot add 12 meters to 10 inches. In those cases, we need to know and use ‘measurement conversion’ to convert the given units into a common unit. Whether it is length, mass, temperature, or time, we have some formulas that can be used to get the values in a common unit. Given below is a measurement chart that can be used for such conversion.
By using these values, we can apply the unitary method to convert a unit to another unit of measurement. For example, if 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters, then 5 inches can be calculated by multiplying 5 by 2.54 which will give us 12.7 centimeters. In addition to the conversion within the same system of measurement, we can also convert a unit from the metric system to the standard system, and vice-versa as shown in the above example.
To measure length, we use measurement tapes and a ruler. We have already discussed units and conversion for the measurement of length. There are two ways to measure length which are informal ways and formal ways. Informal ways include measuring length using hand span, thread, etc where there is no definite relation between the quantities in numbers. The formal ways include measurement units like meters, inches, etc which give meaning and structure to our findings. Below given are some of the units and their conversions related to the length measurement.
Metric System
1 cm = 10 mm
1 m = 100 cm
1 m = 1000 mm
1 km = 1000 m
US Standard System
1 feet = 12 inches
1 yard = 3 feet
1 yard = 36 inches
1 mile = 1760 yards
1 mile = 5280 feet
Metric to US Standard System
1 cm = 0.3937 inches
1 m = 39.37 inches
1 m = 3.28 feet
1 km = 3280.84 feet
1 km = 0.62 miles
1 km = 1093.61 yards
US Standard to Metric System
1 inch = 2.54 cm
1 foot = 30.48 cm
1 yard = 91.44 cm
1 foot = 0.3048 m
1 mile = 1.6 km
1 mile = 1609.34 m
1 yard = 0.9144 m
Mass is the amount of matter present in an object. To measure mass, we use various units like grams, kilograms, milligrams, pounds, ounces, tons, etc. It is measured using a scale or a weighing balance. To convert mass from one unit to another, we can use the following conversions:
Metric System
1 grams = 1000 milligrams
1 kilogram = 1000 grams
1 tonne = 1000 kilograms
1 megagram = 1000 kilograms
US Standard System
1 ounce = 16 drams
1 pound = 16 ounces
1 ton = 2000 pounds
Metric to US Standard System
1 gram = 0.035274 ounces
1 kilogram = 35.27396 ounces
1 kilogram = 2.20462 pounds
1 tonne = 1.10231 ton
US Standard to Metric System
1 ounce = 28.34952 grams
1 pound = 0.45359 kilograms
1 pound = 453.59237 grams
1 ton = 0.90718 tonnes
Measurement of time can be done using various units like seconds, minutes, hours, weeks, days, fortnight, months, and years. To write time, we use A.M and P.M, but to measure it these units are used. Below is the measurement chart containing the units of measuring time along with their conversions.
In 1 year, there are 365 days or 52 weeks and 1 day, but in a leap year, there are 366 days or 52 weeks and 2 days. A leap year can be identified by dividing it by 4. If it is exactly divisible by 4, then it is a leap year, otherwise, it is not. For example, 2020 was a leap year as 2020 is divisible by 4. For century years like 2000, 2100, 3000, etc, we check their divisibility by 400 to find out whether they are leap years or not.
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